2　運動と骨格筋：糖代謝の視点から

Sammary 　Aging is associated with increased abdominal fat, reduced physical activity, decreased basal metabolic rate, and skeletal muscle mitochondrial dysfunction. These age-related alterations cause insulin resistance in skeletal muscle, which contributes to the development of type 2 diabetes. Exercise is often recommended to older individuals as a means to improve insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle, thereby preventing the development of type 2 diabetes mellitus. Exercise improves insulin sensitivity in skeletal muscle in part by reducing abdominal fat. Increased function and content of GLUT4 and mitochondria in skeletal muscle also contribute to the improvements in insulin sensitivity with exercise. It may be possible that the nature and the magnitude of changes in muscle insulin sensitivity differ between different types of exercise, e.g. aerobic and resistive exercise. A better understanding of this possibity will permit the development of more effective exercise regimens in the treatment and prevention of insulin resistance and type 2 diabetes in older adults.