Summary 　Sirtuins are NAD+ -dependent histone deacetylases and widely considered as one of the longevity genes. The sirtuins are classified into SIRT1-7 in human, and SIRT1 is associated with skeletal muscle metabolic profiles including mitochondrial biogenesis and glucose and lipid metabolism through deacetylating the transcriptional coactivator peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor γ coactivator-1α（ PGC-1α）. SIRT1 expression and activity increase with acute endurance exercise and exercise training in skeletal muscle. Such exercise-induced adaptations may be at least in part induced by 5’-AMP-activated protein kinase（ AMPK）, which is activated during exercise. AMPK activation induces nicotinamide phosphoribosyltransferase (Nampt) and early growth response 1（ Egr-1） expressions, which are related to the SIRT1 activation and expression, respectively. 　It is well known that the physical activity and exercise relate the mortality rate and significantly contribute to the prevention and/or amelioration of metabolic diseases, cancer, and atherosclerosis. SIRT1 has a possible link with such effects of physical activity and exercise.