Summary 　We classified intra-abdominal visceral-（VFO） and subcutaneous-（SFO） fat type obesity and developed the concept of visceral fat syndrome / metabolic syndrome. We showed that adipose tissue was an endocrine organ by human cDNA project and conceptualized such factors as adipocytokines. In the course of analysis of adipocytokines, we identified adiponcetin from human fat cDNA. So far, we and others have shown that hypoadiponectinemia in visceral fat accumulation stands upstream of the pathophysiology in metabolic syndrome, chronic organ diseases and some types of cancers. We assume that adiponectin associates with many factors related to organ injury, like ECM, C1q, LPS, TNF-α, and TGF-β and exerts anti-inflammatory and tissue-repairing effects. Therefore, decrease of adiponectin should accelerate aging-related diseases, and becomes a therapeutic target.